阅读理解二（3）
Passage 11
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person's conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true". It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.
Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
51. What does the author try to prove by citing "what kind of impression am I making? （Para. 1） _________
A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.
B. People's shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.
C. It's natural that shy people don't believe other's compliments.
D. Shy people think they are different from others.
52. According to the writer, self-awareness is __________.
A. a good quality B. the cause of unhappiness
C. harmful to people D. a weak point of shy people
53. That shy people react to a compliment in such a way is ___________.
A. good B. unreal C. very reasonable D. harmful
54. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? ____________
A. Shyness helps us to develop our potential
B. Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better
C. Shyness can block our chances for a rich life
D. Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem
55. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people __________ .
A. should find more of their weakness
B. should understand themselves in the right way
C. had better ignore their weakness
D. can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem
Passage 12
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person, who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
56. What is the main idea of this passage? _________
A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U. S.
B. The role of time in social life over the world.
C. If people are late, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U. S.
D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.
57. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours?
A. A matter of work. B. A matter of life or death.
C. You want to see him or her. D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.
58. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U. S. A. ?
A. at 7:00 am B. at 4:00 pm C. at the midnight D. at 4:00 am
59. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? _________
A. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
B. No misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures about the concept of time.
C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the
D. Promptness is valued highly in American life.
60. From the passage we can safely infer that ___________
A. it's a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time.
B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.
C. it makes no difference in the U. S. whether you are early or late for a business party.
D. if a person is late for a date, he needn't make some explanation.
Passage 13
There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
61. Our long-term goals mean a 1ot________.
A. if we cannot reach solid short-term goals B. if we complete the short-term goals
C. if we have dreams of the future D. if we put forward some plans
62. New short-term goals are built upon ____________.
A. a daily basis B. your achievement in a week
C. current activities D. the goals that have been completed
63. When we complete each step of our goals, _________.
A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed
C. we will build up our confidence to achieve success
D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals
64. What is the main idea of this passage?_____________
A. Life is a dynamic thing. B. We should set up long-term goals.
C. Different kinds of goals in life. D. The limitation of long-term goals.
65. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? __________
A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without achieving short-term goals.
B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.
C. Life is a static thing, thus never allowing a long-term goal to limit us.
D. We should often add new short-term goals to what have been completed.
Passage 14
What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is "no". It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations, and Einstein's ideas were shown to be correct A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
66. What makes a scientist according to the passage? ___________
A. The tools he uses. B. The way he uses his tools.
C. His ways of learning. D. The various tools he uses.
67. The underlined part in the passage shows___________.
A. the importance of information B. the importance of thinking
C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people
D. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs
68. A sound scientific theory should be one that ___________.
A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times
B. does not allow any changes even under different conditions
C. can be used for many purposes
D. leave no room for improvement
69. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ______________.
A. that measurements are keys to success m science
B. that accuracy of mathematics
C. that investigations are important science
D. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations
70. What is the main idea of the passage? _____________
A. The theory of relativity. B. Exactness is the core of science.
C. Scientists are different from ordinary people.
D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.
Passage 15
Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.
One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own.
Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one's free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.
Some people, however, take no interest in country things. For example, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight's （two weeks） visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.
71. Which of the following statements is NOT true?___________
A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.
B. People who work in London prefer to live in the country.
C. Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.
D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside the city.
72. With the same money __________, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.
A. getting a small flat with a garden B. having a small flat with a garden
C. renting a small flat without a garden D. buying a small flat without a garden
73. When the garden is in blossom, it means that one __________ has been rewarded.
A. living in the country B. having spent time working in the garden
C. having a garden of his own D. having been digging, planting and watering
74. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that ____________ if they had to live outside London.
A. their life was meaningless B. their life was invaluable
C. they didn't deserve a happy life D. they were not worthy of their happy life
75. The underlined phrase get from in the 3rd paragraph refers to ___________.
A. deal with B. do away with C. escape from D. prevent from
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