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23、 Education in the United States is usually divided into four levels. These are early children, elementary, secondary and higher education. School attendance is required in every state of the country, and in most states students must attend school from the age of 6 to 16.
The first level is early childhood education. Its main purpose is to prepare children for school.
The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into six or eight grades, and children learn reading, arithmetic, writing, social studies and science. They also have art, music and physical education.
The third level is secondary education. It is for junior and senior high school students. Some students take courses to prepare themselves for college. Other students take technical or vocational courses that prepare them for jobs after they graduate from high school.
Higher education continues after high school. There are many kinds of institutions of higher education. Technical institutes offer two-year programs in electronics, engineering, business and other subjects. After two years at a junior college, students receive an associate degree and then they can continue at a four-year college.
1）、The passage mainly discusses the four levels of American education.
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2）、School attendance is required in the USA.
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3）、The programs of technical and vocational courses are offered at the 2nd and 3rd levels.
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4）、Education at the second level is divided into six or eight.
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5）、Post-graduate（研究生）education would most probably be talked about in the next paragraph.
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24、 The world is not hungry，but it is thirsty. It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can’t drink or use for watering plants directly. Man can only drink and use the 3% the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we can’t even use all of that，because some of it has been polluted.
Now more water is needed. The problem is: can we avoid a serious water shortage later on? First，we should all learn how to save water. Secondly，we should find out the ways to reuse it. Scientists have always been making study in this field. Today，in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers. But it can be used again. Even if every large city reused its water，still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next?
The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive，but it’s already in use in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see，if we can find a way out，we’ll be in no danger of drying up.
1）、The world is thirsty because about 97% of water on the earth can’t be drunk or used for watering plants directly.
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2）、3% of water on the earth is sea water.
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3）、From the passage we learn that today in most large cities water is used only once.
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4）、To avoid the serious water shortage，we should make dirty water clean and then reuse it.
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5）、The title of the passage should be” How to Save Water “.
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25、 The dark smoke that comes out of stacks (大烟囱) or from a burning dump (垃圾) contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritate (刺痛) our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us ill.
Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow” from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is a global problem. It can kill babies, older people and those who have respiratory (呼吸) disease. In 1952, four thousands people die in one week as a result of a serious air pollution breakout in London. In 1948 in a small town of Pennsylvania, 20 people died in a four – day period of air pollution. As often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of lung disease, such as bronchitis and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these causes have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse.
1）、The “black snow” incident is a global problem.
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2）、Those who suffer from respiratory illnesses can be killed by air pollution.
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3）、4,000 people died of air pollution in Pennsylvania in 1948.
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4）、Bronchitis and asthma are lung diseases.
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5）、According to the passage, air pollution increases people’s chance of getting nervous breakdown.
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26、 When you take a walk in many of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world. But the reasons why people keep a dog have changed.
In the old days, people used to train dogs to protect themselves against attacks by other beasts. And later, they came to realize that the dog was not only useful for protection but willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permission. But now, people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of an animal.
Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery, but the most important reason is for companionship. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.
1）、It is true that a dog is the most important animal in the world.
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2）、According to the passage, dogs were trained for protection against other animals in the past.
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3）、Dogs were used for hunting because they always obeyed their masters.
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4）、The most important reason for people in the city to keep dogs now for companionship.
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5）、The main idea of the passage is that the dog is a useful and friendly animal.
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27、 Many people like watching TV. Watching TV is one of the most important activities of the day. TV brings the outside closer to people’s home. Some people say the world is smaller than before because of TV.
What’s going on in the other countries? How do people live in places far away? Is there a good sports game somewhere? What’s life in the deepest part of the sea?
If you want to answer these and other kinds of questions, just turn on the TV. Turn it on and watch .You can see a lot and learn a lot. Of course, people can also learn through reading or listening to the radio. But with TV they can learn better and more easily. Why? Because they can hear and watch, too.
TV helps to open our eyes. TV also helps to open our minds (思想) . TV often gives us new ideas. We learn newer and better ways of doing something.
1）、Some people say the world is smaller than before because TV brings the outside world closer to people.
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2）、We can answer many TV questions when we watch TV.
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3）、People learn better through TV than through radio because people can not only hear but also watch.
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4）、The sentence “TV also helps to open our minds” means something is wrong with our minds.
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5）、This passage tells us not to watch TV any more.
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